Complex Systems is an interdisciplinary scientific journal. Its subject matter of complex systems ranges across a number of more narrow scientific and engineering fields. The journal was established in 1987 by founding editor Stephen Wolfram, inventor of Mathematica and promulgator of cellular automata. The topics of research covered include a diverse range of fields such as biology, computer science, mathematics and physics.
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Systems theory is an interdisciplinary field of science and the study of the nature of complex systems in nature, society, and science. More specificially, it is a framework by which one can analyze and/or describe any group of objects that work in concert to produce some result. This could be a single organism, any organization or society, or any electro-mechanical or informational artifact. Systems theory first originated in biology in the 1920s out of the need to explain the interrelatedness of organisms in ecosystems. As a technical and general academic area of study it predominantly refers to the science of systems that resulted from Bertalanffy's General System Theory (GST), among others, in initiating what became a project of systems research and practice. It was Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson who developed interdisciplinary perspectives in systems theory (such as positive and negative feedback in the social sciences).